Introduction
You’ve learned that using Maybes allows you to get rid of null pointer exceptions (i.e. “undefined is not a function”). However, now your application fails and gives no indication as to why. Errors would have left a stack trace that could have provided a hint as to where the problem originated, but, clearly here, you don't have that to rely on. What should you be doing instead?
Null Pointers in Python vs. Ruby, Lua, and JavaScript
Let’s define what we mean by null pointers and how you usually encounter them. Most null pointers you’ll run into are from either accessing a property of an object to show on the screen or calling a method on an object.