Three primary methods for measuring team productivity are the SPACE framework, DORA metrics, and Goals/Signals/Metrics (GSM).
The SPACE Framework for Team Productivity
In a recent research paper by Nicole Forsgren and her colleagues, “The SPACE of Developer Productivity" (2021.), the authors defined a framework as a systematic approach to measuring, understanding, and optimizing engineering productivity. It encourages leaders to take a comprehensive approach to productivity, communicating measurements with one another and connecting them to team objectives. The five aspects are used to categorize engineering productivity, called the Space Framework.