Data mining and warehousing are two processes essential for any organization that wants to be recognized on a global or national level. Both techniques help prevent data fraud and improve managerial statistics and rankings. Data mining is used to detect significant patterns by relying on the data gathered during the data warehousing phase.
Data mining and data warehousing are both considered as part of data analysis. But they work in different ways. This blog will look at the differences between the two and whether or not one can exist without the other.
With speech interfaces becoming more of a thing, it’s worth exploring some of the things we can do with speech interactions. Like, what if we could say something and have that transcribed and pumped out as a downloadable PDF?
Well, spoiler alert: we absolutely can do that! There are libraries and frameworks we can cobble together to make it happen, and that’s what we’re going to do together in this article.
First off, these are the two big players: Next.js and Express.js.
Next.js tacks on additional functionalities to React, including key features for building static sites. It’s a go-to for many developers because of what it offers right out of the box, like dynamic routing, image optimization, built-in-domain and subdomain routing, fast refreshes, file system routing, and API routes… among many, many other things.
In our case, we definitely need Next.js for its API routes on our client server. We want a route that takes a text file, converts it to PDF, writes it to our filesystem, then sends a response to the client.
Express.js allows us to get a little Node.js app going with routing, HTTP helpers, and templating. It’s a server for our own API, which is what we’ll need as we pass and parse data between things.
We have some other dependencies we’ll be putting to use:
react-speech-recognition: A library for converting speech to text, making it available to React components.
regenerator-runtime: A library for troubleshooting the “regeneratorRuntime is not defined” error that shows up in Next.js when using react-speech-recognition
html-pdf-node: A library for converting an HTML page or public URL into a PDF
axios: A library for making HTTP requests in both the browser and Node.js
cors: A library that allows cross-origin resource sharing
Setting up
The first thing we want to do is create two project folders, one for the client and one for the server. Name them whatever you’d like. I’m naming mine audio-to-pdf-client and audio-to-pdf-server, respectively.
The fastest way to get started with Next.js on the client side is to bootstrap it with create-next-app. So, open your terminal and run the following command from your client project folder:
npx create-next-app client
Now we need our Express server. We can get it by cd-ing into the server project folder and running the npm init command. A package.json file will be created in the server project folder once it’s done.
We still need to actually install Express, so let’s do that now with npm install express. Now we can create a new index.js file in the server project folder and drop this code in there:
const express = require("express")
const app = express()
app.listen(4000, () => console.log("Server is running on port 4000"))
Ready to run the server?
node index.js
We’re going to need a couple more folders and and another file to move forward:
Create a components folder in the client project folder.
Create a SpeechToText.jsx file in the components subfolder.
Before we go any further, we have a little cleanup to do. Specifically, we need to replace the default code in the pages/index.js file with this:
import Head from "next/head";
import SpeechToText from "../components/SpeechToText";
export default function Home() {
return (
<div className="home">
<Head>
<title>Audio To PDF</title>
<meta
name="description"
content="An app that converts audio to pdf in the browser"
/>
<link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" />
</Head>
<h1>Convert your speech to pdf</h1>
<main>
<SpeechToText />
</main>
</div>
);
}
The imported SpeechToText component will eventually be exported from components/SpeechToText.jsx.
Let’s install the other dependencies
Alright, we have the initial setup for our app out of the way. Now we can install the libraries that handle the data that’s passed around.
Our Express server dependencies are up next, so let’s cd into the server project folder and install those:
npm install html-pdf-node cors
Probably a good time to pause and make sure the files in our project folders are in tact. Here’s what you should have in the client project folder at this point:
And here’s what you should have in the server project folder:
/audio-to-pdf-server
└── index.js
Building the UI
Well, our speech-to-PDF wouldn’t be all that great if there’s no way to interact with it, so let’s make a React component for it that we can call <SpeechToText>.
You can totally use your own markup. Here’s what I’ve got to give you an idea of the pieces we’re putting together:
This component returns a React fragment that contains an HTML <``section``> element that contains three divs:
.button-container contains two buttons that will be used to start and stop speech recognition.
.words has contentEditable and suppressContentEditableWarning attributes to make this element editable and suppress any warnings from React.
Another .button-container holds two more buttons that will be used to reset and convert speech to PDF, respectively.
Styling is another thing altogether. I won’t go into it here, but you’re welcome to use some styles I wrote either as a starting point for your own styles/global.css file.
The CSS variables in there are being used to control the background color of the buttons.
Let’s see the latest changes! Run npm run dev in the terminal and check them out.
You should see this in browser when you visit http://localhost:3000:
Our first speech to text conversion!
The first action to take is to import the necessary dependencies into our <SpeechToText> component:
import React, { useRef, useState } from "react";
import SpeechRecognition, {
useSpeechRecognition,
} from "react-speech-recognition";
import axios from "axios";
Then we check if speech recognition is supported by the browser and render a notice if not supported:
const speechRecognitionSupported =
SpeechRecognition.browserSupportsSpeechRecognition();
if (!speechRecognitionSupported) {
return <div>Your browser does not support speech recognition.</div>;
}
Next up, let’s extract transcript and resetTranscript from the useSpeechRecognition() hook:
The last thing we need here is a function that triggers speech recognition and to tie that function to the onClick event listener of our button. The button sets listening to true and makes it run continuously. We’ll disable the button while it’s in that state to prevent us from firing off additional events.
Clicking on the button should now start up the transcription.
More functions
OK, so we have a component that can start listening. But now we need it to do a few other things as well, like stopListening, resetText and handleConversion. Let’s make those functions.
The handleConversion function is asynchronous because we will eventually be making an API request. The “Stop” button has the disabled attribute that would be be triggered when listening is false.
If we restart the server and refresh the browser, we can now start, stop, and reset our speech transcription in the browser.
Now what we need is for the app to transcribe that recognized speech by converting it to a PDF file. For that, we need the server-side path from Express.js.
Setting up the API route
The purpose of this route is to take a text file, convert it to a PDF, write that PDF to our filesystem, then send a response to the client.
To setup, we would open the server/index.js file and import the html-pdf-node and fs dependencies that will be used to write and open our filesystem.
app.use(cors())
app.use(express.json())
app.post("/", (req, res) => {
// etc.
})
We then proceed to define our options required in order to use html-pdf-node inside the route:
let options = { format: "A4" };
let file = {
content: `<html><body><pre style='font-size: 1.2rem'>${req.body.text}</pre></body></html>`,
};
The options object accepts a value to set the paper size and style. Paper sizes follow a much different system than the sizing units we typically use on the web. For example, A4 is the typical letter size.
The file object accepts either the URL of a public website or HTML markup. In order to generate our HTML page, we will use the html, body, pre HTML tags and the text from the req.body.
You can apply any styling of your choice.
Next, we will add a trycatch to handle any errors that might pop up along the way:
From there, we use the filesystem module to write, read and (yes, finally!) send a response to the client app:
fs.writeFile(pdfName, pdfBuffer, function (writeError) {
if (writeError) {
return res
.status(500)
.json({ message: "Unable to write file. Try again." });
}
fs.readFile(pdfName, function (readError, readData) {
if (!readError && readData) {
// console.log({ readData });
res.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/pdf");
res.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment");
res.send(readData);
return;
}
return res
.status(500)
.json({ message: "Unable to write file. Try again." });
});
});
Let’s break that down a bit:
The writeFile filesystem module accepts a file name, data and a callback function that can returns an error message if there’s an issue writing to the file. If you’re working with a CDN that provides error endpoints, you could use those instead.
The readFile filesystem module accepts a file name and a callback function that is capable or returning a read error as well as the read data. Once we have no read error and the read data is present, we will construct and send a response to the client. Again, this can be replaced with your CDN’s endpoints if you have them.
The res.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/pdf"); tells the browser that we are sending a PDF file.
The res.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment"); tells the browser to make the received data downloadable.
Since the API route ready, we can use it in our app at http://localhost:4000. We can the proceed to the client part of our application to complete the handleConversion function.
Handling the conversion
Before we can start working on a handleConversion function, we need to create a state that handles our API requests for loading, error, success, and other messages. We’re going use React’s useState hook to set that up:
In the handleConversion function, we will check for when the web page has been loaded before running our code and make sure the div with the editable attribute is not empty:
if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
const userText = textBodyRef.current.innerText;
// console.log(textBodyRef.current.innerText);
if (!userText) {
alert("Please speak or write some text.");
return;
}
}
We proceed by wrapping our eventual API request in a trycatch, handling any error that may arise, and updating the response state:
Once we have gotten a successful response, we set the response state with the appropriate values and instruct the browser to download the received PDF:
setResponse({
...response,
loading: false,
error: false,
message:
"Conversion was successful. Your download will start soon...",
success: true,
});
// convert the received data to a file
const url = window.URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([res.data]));
// create an anchor element
const link = document.createElement("a");
// set the href of the created anchor element
link.href = url;
// add the download attribute, give the downloaded file a name
link.setAttribute("download", "yourfile.pdf");
// add the created anchor tag to the DOM
document.body.appendChild(link);
// force a click on the link to start a simulated download
link.click();
And we can use the following below the contentEditable div for displaying messages:
Hello everyone!
I am wondering how I can access the ending of my url address.
For exampel: www.castingvault.eu/willy
And I wand the name "willy" only and then process and use it in my php code.
Usually you write the url like this:
www.castingvault.eu/members.php?mem=willy
and the following is how to access it.
I am making speech to text app in C# window form it was working fine and running in vs but I
want to make I have add a button in my application I want to make when I click on the button it start recognizing when I clicked on the button again the recognizing will stop in C#
How can I solve this?
code here
using Microsoft.CognitiveServices.Speech;
using Microsoft.CognitiveServices.Speech.Audio;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApp5
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public static async Task RecognitionWithMicrophoneAsync()
{
var config = SpeechConfig.FromSubscription("key", "region");
using (var recognizer = new SpeechRecognizer(config))
{
//Console.WriteLine("Say something...");
var result = await recognizer.RecognizeOnceAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
// Checks result.
if (result.Reason == ResultReason.RecognizedSpeech)
{
//Console.WriteLine($"RECOGNIZED: Text={result.Text}");
SendKeys.SendWait(result.Text);
}
//else if (result.Reason == ResultReason.NoMatch)
//{
// Console.WriteLine($"NOMATCH: Speech could not be recognized.");
//}
else if (result.Reason == ResultReason.Canceled)
{
var cancellation = CancellationDetails.FromResult(result);
Console.WriteLine($"CANCELED: Reason={cancellation.Reason}");
if (cancellation.Reason == CancellationReason.Error)
{
Console.WriteLine($"CANCELED: ErrorCode={cancellation.ErrorCode}");
Console.WriteLine($"CANCELED: ErrorDetails={cancellation.ErrorDetails}");
Console.WriteLine($"CANCELED: Did you update the subscription info?");
}
}
}
}
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
RecognitionWithMicrophoneAsync().Wait();
//Console.WriteLine("Please press enter to exit.");
//Console.ReadLine();
}
}
Do you want to display WordPress posts in a grid layout?
A grid layout gives you more flexibility when displaying your posts in WordPress. This can be helpful when creating custom pages.
In this article, we’ll show you how to easily display your WordPress posts in a grid layout anywhere on your site.
When Do You Need a Grid Layout for WordPress?
Every WordPress theme supports the traditional vertical layout of blog posts, and this works well for most kinds of websites. However, this layout can take up a lot of space, especially if you have a lot of posts.
If you’re creating a custom homepage for your site, then you may want to use the grid layout to display your recent posts.
This will give you more space to add other elements to your home page.
Plus, your post grid will highlight your featured images, so it’s visually appealing and clickable. You can also use the post grid to show off your creative portfolio and other types of custom content.
Many magazine themes and photography themes already use the grid-based layout to display posts. However, if your theme doesn’t support this functionality, then you’ll need to add it.
With that said, let’s show you how to display your WordPress posts in a grid layout. Simply use the quick links below to jump straight to the method you want to use.
Method 1. Create a WordPress Post Grid Layout with Block Editor
This method lets you simply display your posts and thumbnails in a post grid layout using the WordPress block editor. There’s a built-in post grid block that lets you create your own grid.
To do this, open up the page you want to edit, then click the ‘Plus’ add block button and search for ‘Query Loop’, then click the block to add it.
This block adds your post loop to your page.
Then, click the ‘Start Blank’ option at the top of the block to create a post grid.
This gives a few different choices depending on the type of information you want to display with your post grid.
We’ll select the ‘Image, Date, & Title’ option, but you can choose whatever you like.
After that, hover over the image and select the ‘Grid View’ option.
This turns your list into a post grid.
Next, you can customize the information you want to display.
First, we’re going to delete the pagination at the bottom of the block. To do this, simply click on it, and click the ‘Three Dots’ options menu.
Then, click on ‘Remove Pagination’.
This will automatically remove the element from the block.
You can delete the dates from the posts the same way or leave more post information for your visitors.
Next, we’ll add links to both the post thumbnail and post title.
Simply click on your post thumbnail and turn on the ‘Link to Post’ toggle in the right-hand options panel.
Then, do the same thing for your post title.
Once you’re finished, click the ‘Update’ or ‘Publish’ button to make your post grid live.
Now, you can visit your WordPress website to see your new WordPress post grid.
In the SeedProd builder, as you’re customizing your page, simply click the plus ‘Add Section’ button anywhere on the page.
This will bring up an option to add a new block.
Next, drag the ‘Posts’ block over to your page, and it will automatically add a list of posts to your page.
Now, you can customize this block with the left-hand options panel.
First, scroll down to the ‘Layout’ section. Here you can set the number of columns for your blog post grid and turn on the ‘Show Feature Image’ and ‘Show Title’ toggles.
Next, scroll down to the ‘Show Excerpt’ toggle and the ‘Show Read More’ toggles and turn them off to create a simple blog post grid layout.
If you want to customize the color scheme, text, and more, then click the ‘Advanced’ tab at the top of the left-hand column.
Then, click the ‘Text’ drop down and make your changes.
You can continue customizing your page and blog post grid layout as much as you’d like.
Once you’re done, click the ‘Save’ button and select the ‘Publish’ drop down at the top of the page to make your changes live.
Now, you can view your new post grid on your website.
Method 4. Create a WordPress Post Grid Layout by Adding Code to WordPress
This method requires some basic understanding of how to add code to WordPress. If you haven’t done this before, then see our guide on how to copy and paste code in WordPress.
Next, you’ll need to find the right WordPress theme file where you’ll be adding the code snippet. For example, you can add it to your single.php, so it appears at the bottom of all of your posts.
You can also create a custom page template and use it to display your blog post grid layout with thumbnails.
Once you’ve done that, you can start adding code to WordPress. Since the code snippet is quite long, we’ll break it down section by section.
First, add the following code snippet to your theme template file.
<?php
$counter = 1; //start counter
$grids = 2; //Grids per row
global $query_string; //Need this to make pagination work
/*Setting up our custom query (In here we are setting it to show 12 posts per page and eliminate all sticky posts*/
query_posts($query_string . '&caller_get_posts=1&posts_per_page=12');
if(have_posts()) : while(have_posts()) : the_post();
?>
This code snippet sets up the post loop query. You can change the ‘posts_per_page’ variable to display more posts per page if you’d like.
Then, add the following code snippet to your theme template file.
<?php
//Show the left hand side column
if($counter == 1) :
?>
<div class="griditemleft">
<div class="postimage">
<a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_post_thumbnail('category-thumbnail'); ?></a>
</div>
<h2><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2>
</div>
<?php
//Show the right hand side column
elseif($counter == $grids) :
?>
<div class="griditemright">
<div class="postimage">
<a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_post_thumbnail('category-thumbnail'); ?></a>
</div>
<h2><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<?php
$counter = 0;
endif;
?>
This code snippet creates two columns for our posts and will display the title and post image. It also creates a CSS class that we’ll show you how to style later.
It also references ‘postimage’, so you’ll need to change this to the name of the image size you created earlier.
After that, add the following code snippet at the end.
<?php
$counter++;
endwhile;
//Post Navigation code goes here
endif;
?>
This code snippet simply closes the loop. It also gives the option to add post navigation, but most website owners use a different plugin for this, so we didn’t include it to avoid code conflicts.
Here’s how the final code snippet looks altogether.
<div id="gridcontainer">
<?php
$counter = 1; //start counter
$grids = 2; //Grids per row
global $query_string; //Need this to make pagination work
/*Setting up our custom query (In here we are setting it to show 12 posts per page and eliminate all sticky posts) */
query_posts($query_string . '&caller_get_posts=1&posts_per_page=12');
if(have_posts()) : while(have_posts()) : the_post();
?>
<?php
//Show the left hand side column
if($counter == 1) :
?>
<div class="griditemleft">
<div class="postimage">
<a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_post_thumbnail('category-thumbnail'); ?></a>
</div>
<h2><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2>
</div>
<?php
//Show the right hand side column
elseif($counter == $grids) :
?>
<div class="griditemright">
<div class="postimage">
<a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_post_thumbnail('category-thumbnail'); ?></a>
</div>
<h2><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2>
</div>
<div class="clear"></div>
<?php
$counter = 0;
endif;
?>
<?php
$counter++;
endwhile;
//Pagination can go here if you want it.
endif;
?>
</div>
Now, you’ll need to add the following CSS to your site to make sure your post grid displays nicely.
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