For a project at work, I needed to get a Node.js Express server running in a Docker container, then deploy that container to an EC2 instance on AWS. I took notes along the way because I was sure I'd need to do something like this again someday. Then, I figured—since I took notes—I might as well share my notes.
You can generalize my use case for your own needs. It doesn't have to be a Node.js server. It can be any Docker container image that you need to deploy to AWS EC2, as long as you know what port(s) on the container you need to expose to the outside world.